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IMPACT ICT ON SOCIETY

¢ IMPACT ICT ON SOCIETY
INTRODUCTION
Information and communication technologies or ICT is about digital information between devives.ICT development has change every aspect to human society, It has affected our life in many ways.

¢ A) a faster communication speed

¢ In the past, it took a long time for any news or messages to be send. Now with the Internet, news or messages are sent via e-mail to friends, business partners or to anyone efficiently. With the capability of bandwidth, broadband and connection speed on the Internet, any information can travel fast and at an instant. It saves time and is inexpensive.

¢ LOWER COMMUNICATION COST

¢ Using the Internet is cost-effective than the other modes of communication such as telephone, mailing or courier service. It allows people to have access to large amounts of data at a very low cost. With the Internet we do not have to pay for any basic services provided by the Internet. Furthermore, the cost of connection to the Internet is relatively cheap.

¢ EFFECTIVE SHARING OF INFORMATION

¢ With the advancement of ICT, information can be shared by people all around the world. People can share and exchange opinions, news and information through discussion groups, mailing list and forums on the Internet. This enable knowledge sharing which will contribute to the development of knowledge based society.

¢ PAPERLESS ENVIRONMENT                                                                                       ICT technology has created the term paperless environment. This term means information can be stored and retrieved through the digital medium instead of paper. Online communication via emails, online chat and instant messaging also helps in creating the paperless

¢ SOCIAL PROBLEMS

¢ There are some negative effects of ICT. It has created social problems in the society. Nowadays, people tend to choose online communication rather than having real time conversations. People tend to become more individualistic and introvert.

¢ Another negative effect of ICT is :

¢ • fraud

¢ • identity theft

¢ • Pornography

¢ • Hacking

¢ This will result a moral decedent and generate threads to the society.

¢ HEALTH PROBLEMS

¢ A computer may harm users if they use it for long hours frequently. Computer users are also exposed to bad posture, eyestrain, physical and mental stress. In order to solve the health problems, an ergonomic environment can be introduced. For example, an ergonomic chair can reduces back strain and a screen filter is used to minimize eye strain.

¢ CONCLUSION
ICT is redefining the economic social and cultural

¢ The impact ICT is much more and further reaching than other technology invented so far

¢ ICT is empowering ICT in both the economic and  social contexts

¢ The government should recognise that communication and knowledge are two intertwined success factor

The latest development in networks and communications

1.0   Introduction

Mobile Computing is an umbrella term used to describe technologies that enable people to access network services anyplace, anytime, and anywhere. Ubiquitous computing and nomadic computing are synonymous with mobile computing. Information access via a mobile device is plagued by low available bandwidth, poor connection maintenence, poor security, and addressing problems. Unlike their wired counterparts, design of software for mobile devices must consider resource limitation, battery power and display size. Consequently, new hardware and software techniques must be developed. For example, applications need to be highly optimized for space, in order to fit in the limited memory on the mobile devices. For Internet enabled devices, the good old TCP/IP stack cannot be used; it takes too much space and is not optimized for minimal power consumption. Given the plethora of cellular technologies that have emerged in such a market, it becomes extremely difficult to provide support for inter-device communication

2.0   Mobile Computing

2.1 Definition.

Using a computing device while in transit. Mobile computing implies wireless transmission, butwireless transmission does not necessarily imply mobile computing. Fixed wireless applications usesatellites, radio systems and lasers to transmit between permanent objects such as buildings andtowers.2.2

2.2 Mobile computing PDA.

Specification	1.      Low bandwith 2.      High bandwith variability 3.      Hidden terminal 4.      Low power machines 5.      Low resources machines 6.      need proximity 7.      higher delay 8.     Enable new application
Services	1.      Emergency services(messaging & calling 2.      stock information 3.      Credit card verification. 4.      Taxi/truck dispatch 5.      Electronic mail/paging
frequencies	1.      EGSM 900/1800/1900 2.     UMTS 2100

3.0   Internet Technology And Services

Internet Services Technology is broad field of study usually resulting in receiving an Associate

Applied Science Degree. This 2-year degree, often awarded at community colleges, is a gateway tomore specialized studies but can also be applied to immediate workforce demands. Students learnlanguages such as HTML, C++, Action Script, and Java Script. This program of study alsoencompasses business courses with an emphasis on e-commerce and macroeconomics.Internet Services Technology covers a broad range of technologies used for web development, web production, design, networking, and e-commerce. The field also covers Internet programming,website maintenance, Internet architect, and web master

3.1      VoLP

(Voice Over IP) A telephone service that uses the Internet as a global telephone network. Many companies, including Vonage, 8×8 and AT&T (CallVantage), typically offer calling within the country for a fixed fee and a low per-minute charge for international. Broadband Internet access (cable or DSL) is required, and regular house phones plug into an analog telephone adapter (ATA) provided by the company or purchased from a third party.

3.2  Blog

A blog is a lot like a journal except it is generally intended to be read by others. The topics for blogs vary greatly; some being about day to day activities and others taking a more corporate or political slant. There is no defined or widely accepted format and so blogs range from one liners that the author adds every few hours to relatively long, well thought out arguments for or against a topic of interest.

4.0   Types of  Network

Types Of Network One way to categorize the different types of computer network designs is by their scope or scale.For historical reasons, the networking industry refers to nearly every type of design as some kind of area network

4.1 PAN

A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants) close to one person. The devices may or may not belong to the person in question. The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters. PANs can be used for communication among the personal devices themselves (intrapersonal communication), or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet (an uplink). Personal area networks may be wired with computer buses such as USB and FireWire. A wireless personal area network (WPAN) can also be made possible with network technologies such as IrDA and Bluetooth.

4.2 VPN

Short for (Virtual Private Network), VPN is a type of network that allows a user to connect to a network through a tunneling protocol and access internal internet and intranet web sites and e-mail. Virtual Private Networks are commonly used to allow an employee with a large company to connect to the company’s intranet

4.3 WLAN

A wireless LAN (or WLAN, for Wireless Local Area Network, sometimes referred to as LAWN, for local area wireless network) is one in which a mobile user can connect to a local area network (LAN) through a wireless (radio) connection. The IEEE 802.11 group of standards specify the technologies for wireless LANs. 802.11 standards use the Ethernet protocol and CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance) for path sharing and include an encryption method, the Wired Equivalent Privacy algorithm. A personal area network

4.4 WIMAX

WiMax is the industry term for a long-range wireless networking standard. WiMax technology has the potential to deliver high-speed Internet access to rural areas and other locations not serviced by cable or DSL technology. WiMax also offers an alternative to satellite Internet services.WiMax technology is based on the IEEE 802.16 WAN communications standard. WiMax signals can function over a distance of several miles / kilometers. Data rates for WiMax can reach up to 75 megabits per second (Mb/s). A number of wireless signaling options exist ranging anywhere from the 2 GHz range up to 66 GHz.

5.0   Conclusion

Mobile computing (like the peer to peer transaction model did) brings about a new paradigm of distributed computing in which communication may be achieved through wireless networks and users can compute even as they relocate from one support environment to another. The impact of mobile computing on systems design goes beyond the networking level and directly effects data management. Although being a relatively new area, mobile data management has attracted a lot of research efforts, motivated by both a great market potential and by many challenging research problems

6.0 Reference

http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=mobile+computing&i=47137,00.asp

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070629052817AASZjbY

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_Internet_Protocol